A barcode is a machine-readable code made up of patterns of variable-width lines, dots, or squares. It acts as a universal visual ID for products and assets, instantly transmitting data like a product number or tracking code to a computer database when scanned.
How They Work
- No Prices Stored: Barcodes do not encode the price of an item. Instead, they store a unique identification number (like a UPC or GTIN) which acts as a key to look up real-time information in a store or company's database. [1]
- The Scanning Process: Scanners project a light source (like an infrared beam or camera). Black bars absorb the light, and white spaces reflect it back. The scanner reads this reflection, converts it into digital data, and sends it to the central system.
Main Types of Barcodes
- 1D (Linear) Barcodes: These consist of the traditional vertical parallel lines you see on consumer goods. Common formats include:
- UPC (Universal Product Code): Most common in North America, primarily used for retail.
- EAN (European Article Number): A 13-digit version used globally for retail items.
- Code 128: A highly dense, versatile code heavily used in shipping and logistics.
- 2D Barcodes: These use patterns of squares, dots, or hexagons. They hold significantly more data in a smaller space and can be scanned in any direction. Common examples are QR codes and Data Matrix codes.
Common Use Cases
- Retail: Speeds up checkout and prevents human error.
- Logistics & Warehousing: Tracks parcels and warehouse inventory.
- Healthcare: Wristbands and medication packaging ensure patient safety and track prescriptions.
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